A hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. It may be recommended for heavy bleeding that has not responded to other treatment, fibroids, adenomyosis, endometriosis, prolapse or, less commonly, pre-cancerous or cancerous change. It is a permanent decision and one that is reached together, after other options have been considered.

There are several approaches. Laparoscopic (keyhole) hysterectomy is the most common and involves small abdominal incisions; vaginal hysterectomy is performed entirely through the vagina; and abdominal hysterectomy uses a larger incision when the uterus is very enlarged. Whether the cervix and ovaries are removed depends on the reason for surgery and your age and preferences.

Surgery is performed under general anaesthetic. Hospital stay is typically one to two nights for a laparoscopic or vaginal procedure, and slightly longer for abdominal surgery.

Recovery generally takes four to six weeks, with most women returning to light activity within two to three weeks. If the ovaries are retained, hormone production continues and menopause is not brought on by the surgery.