Vulval conditions are common but often under-recognised. Women may put up with itch, burning, soreness or pain for a long time before seeking help, sometimes because symptoms are assumed to be thrush when the cause is something else entirely.

Common conditions include dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, recurrent infections, and vulvodynia — persistent vulval pain without an obvious skin cause. Each requires a different approach, so an accurate diagnosis matters.

Assessment involves a careful history and gentle examination. Occasionally a swab or a small biopsy is taken to confirm the diagnosis. Some conditions, such as lichen sclerosus, need long-term management and periodic review.

Treatment may include prescribed creams or ointments, changes to skin care and irritant avoidance, pelvic floor physiotherapy, and medications for nerve-related pain. Where appropriate, care is shared with a dermatologist or pain specialist.